Basic Dog Training: Obedience and Socialization.

Basic training is essential for harmonious coexistence between dogs and their human families.

PETS

4/29/20252 min read

Introduction

Basic training is essential for harmonious coexistence between dogs and their human families. This process not only facilitates daily management of the animal but also strengthens the emotional bond, prevents unwanted behaviors, and promotes their emotional and social well-being. This guide covers the fundamentals of training: basic obedience and proper socialization.

Principles of Dog Training

Before beginning, consider:

✅ Dogs learn by association: If an action results in a reward, it is more likely to be repeated.
✅ Consistency and patience are key.
✅ Positive reinforcement (treats, praise, affection) should prevail over punishment.
✅ Short sessions (5-15 minutes) but frequent (1-2 times/day).
✅ Absolute respect: Never use violence.

Basic Obedience: Fundamental Commands

1. "Sit"

How to teach: Hold a treat above the dog’s head and move it backward. When they sit, say "sit!" and reward.
Tip: Use a hand signal (palm upward) to associate with the command.

2. "Stay" or "Wait"

Starting from "sit," show your palm (stop signal) and say "stay!". Take a step back and reward if they remain still.

3. "Come" or "Here"

Use an upbeat voice: "Come!". Reward immediately upon arrival.
Never call to scold—this creates a negative association.

4. "Down"

Guide a treat from the dog’s nose to the floor while saying "down!". Reward when they lie down.

5. "No" or "Stop"

Say "no!" firmly (without yelling) and redirect to a positive behavior (e.g., "sit").

Socialization: Controlled Exposure

Socialization teaches dogs to interact calmly with other animals, people, and environments.

Ideal Age

Critical period: 3 to 16 weeks of age.
Adult dogs can also be socialized but require more patience.

Objectives

Reduce fear/aggression.
Improve adaptability to new situations.
Prevent future behavioral issues.

Strategies

Gradually expose the dog to:
🐕 Other calm, well-behaved dogs.
👨👩👧👦 Diverse people (children, seniors, individuals with accessories like hats or canes).
🔊 Urban sounds (vacuum cleaners, car horns, thunderstorms).
🌆 Varied environments (parks, stairs, public transport).

Always reinforce positive behavior with treats or praise.

General Recommendations

🔸 Avoid physical punishment: Prong or shock collars cause physical and emotional harm.
🔸 Respect the dog’s pace: Each animal learns at their own speed.
🔸 Use high-value rewards: Tasty treats or playtime.
🔸 Mind body language: Dogs interpret gestures and tone better than words.
🔸 Start in quiet environments and gradually increase difficulty.
🔸 Combine training with exercise and affection to maintain motivation.

Common Problems and Solutions

1. Dog doesn’t obey commands

Cause: Lack of motivation or inconsistency.
Solution: Use higher-value rewards and practice daily.

2. Excessive barking

Cause: Boredom, anxiety, or lack of boundaries.
Solution: Increase physical exercise, establish routines, and teach the "quiet" command.

3. Fear of people/noises

Cause: Poor socialization.
Solution: Gradual exposure with positive reinforcement.

4. Pulling on the leash

Cause: Lack of leash training.
Solution: Use a front-clip harness and reward walking beside you.

Conclusion

Basic training focused on obedience and socialization lays the foundation for a balanced relationship between dogs and humans. The goal is not control but teaching positive, respectful behaviors.

Dogs trained with positive reinforcement develop:
✔ Greater confidence.
✔ Fewer fears.
✔ Better adaptability to new situations.

Keys to success: Patience, consistency, and emotional connection.

Recommended Bibliography

📚 Dunbar, Ian. Before and After Getting Your Puppy.
📚 American Kennel Club (AKC). Training & Behavior Resources.
📚 Millán, César. Cesar’s Rules: Your Way to Train a Well-Behaved Dog.
📚 ASPCA. Dog Behavior and Training Library.